Analysis of the regional “green” finances and identification of their vulnerable areas: Republic of Bashkortostan case study

This article systematizes approaches to the management of public finances directed to the environmental sphere both at the national and regional levels. The author highlights the main trends based on the use of synchronous (within the framework of the analysis of the structure of the management system) and diachronic (in terms of studying the dynamics of financing) analysis of the public administration system in the field of ecology and natural resources in the Republic of Bashkortostan, carried out on the materials of the state program Ecology and natural resources of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated 18 February 2014 No. 61 in its 20 editions. The study identifies vulnerable areas in terms of financing the management of the environmental sphere and natural resources at the regional level (on the example of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Leveling the identified negative factors will increase the economic connectivity of the place, and also contributes to the strengthening of the resilience of the territory. Improving the existing mechanism for financing the environmental sector is achievable by applying best practices, including tax incentives for introducing environmental innovations and investing in environmentally friendly and resource-saving technologies, environmental insurance, grants, debt swaps, national and international climate funds, public procurement of environmental goods and other

Role of metallurgical factors in structure and property formation for thick plates of alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn system

The role of chemical composition is studied in thick plate structure and property formation for alloys of the Al-Cu-Mg-Mn system. It is shown that in order to correct the chemical composition of aluminum alloys it is necessary to consider the alloying element compatible solubility limit within an aluminum matrix at the heating temperature for hardening and the proportion of alloying elements participating in forming almost insoluble phases with impurity elements. An important role is also played by alloying elements formed with reaction of excess phases, although they are soluble but cannot be dissolved during heating for hardening due to saturation of α-solid solution with alloying elements. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Phase formation during nonequilibrium crystallization of Al-Mg-Si system alloys

Nonequilibrium crystallization of alloys of the Al-Mg-Si system, and also their structure and phase composition in a cast condition are studied. Thermal analysis is used to establish phase transformation temperature ranges, occurring during nonequilibrium crystallization of industrial aluminum alloys AD31 and AD33. x-Ray microanalysis is used to determine metastable phase composition in the alloys in a cast condition. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Activation of learning and creative activity of the vocational pedagogical university students

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the society’s demand for training students - future professional training teachers ready to solve in a creative manner a wide range of professional and pedagogical tasks, as well as to develop professionally-oriented creative work in the process of training; it is also caused by the insufficient extent of the prior research within the vocational training theory of scientific and methodological mechanisms required for implementing this process. The purpose of the article is to develop a conceptual structural model of professionally-oriented learning and creative activity of the vocational pedagogical university students. Leading method for studying this problem is modelling which allows to consider this problem as the process of goaloriented and deliberate acquiring by future professionals the creative approaches to implementation of professional activity. The article presents a structural model of learning and creative activity of vocational pedagogical university students, justifies the necessity to single out in the structure of the students’ learning and creative activity three interconnected components (creative, professional-pedagogical and personal-acmeological), proves the productivity of activating the learning and creative activity of the vocational pedagogical university students by organizing it as quasi-professional process of searching and solving professional tasks which are subjectively and objectively new, on the basis of using synectics including association methods of activating creative thinking integrated into the its structure. The article can be useful for teachers within the vocational and pedagogical education system, as well as for professionals who develop creative abilities of students based on the heuristic creativity methods. © 2016 Krayukhina et al

Jerk, snap, and the cosmological equation of state

Taylor expanding the cosmological equation of state around the current epoch is the simplest model one can consider that does not make any a priori restrictions on the nature of the cosmological fluid. Most popular cosmological models attempt to be ``predictive'', in the sense that once somea priori equation of state is chosen the Friedmann equations are used to determine the evolution of the FRW scale factor a(t). In contrast, a retrodictive approach might usefully take observational dataconcerning the scale factor, and use the Friedmann equations to infer an observed cosmological equation of state. In particular, the value and derivatives of the scale factor determined at the current epoch place constraints on the value and derivatives of the cosmological equation of state at the current epoch. Determining the first three Taylor coefficients of the equation of state at the current epoch requires a measurement of the deceleration, jerk, and snap -- the second, third, and fourth derivatives of the scale factor with respect to time. Higher-order Taylor coefficients in the equation of state are related to higher-order time derivatives of the scale factor. Since the jerk and snap are rather difficult to measure, being related to the third and fourth terms in the Taylor series expansion of the Hubble law, it becomes clear why direct observational constraints on the cosmological equation of state are so relatively weak; and are likely to remain weak for the foreseeable future.Comment: V1: 10 pages; uses iopart.cls setstack.sty V2: six additional references, some clarifying comments and discussion, no physics changes. V3: significant additions based on community feedback; explicit calculations now carried out to fourth order in redshift. V4: Discussion of current observational situation added. This version accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity. Now 15 page

First measurements of spin correlations in the np -> d pi^0 reaction

The transverse spin correlations Axx and Ayy in the np-> d pi^0 reaction have been measured for the first time in quasi-free kinematics at the COSY-ANKE facility using a polarised deuteron beam incident on a polarised hydrogen cell target. The results obtained for neutron energies close to 353 MeV and 600 MeV are in good agreement with the partial wave analysis of data on the isospin-related pp-> d pi^+ reaction, though the present results cover also the small-angle region, which was largely absent from these data

Resonance-like coherent production of a pion pair in the reaction pd→pdππpd \rightarrow pd\pi\pi in the GeV region

The reaction $p + d \rightarrow p + d + X$ was studied at 0.8-2.0 GeV proton beam energies with the ANKE magnetic spectrometer at the COSY synchrotron storage ring. The proton-deuteron pairs emerging with high momenta, 0.6-1.8 GeV/$c$, were detected at small angles with respect to the proton beam. Distribution over the reaction missing mass $M_x$ reveals a local enhancement near the threshold of the pion pair production specific for the so-called ABC effect. The enhancement has a structure of a narrow bump placed above a smooth continuum. The invariant mass of the $d\pi\pi$ system in this enhancement region exhibits a resonance-like peak at $M_{d\pi\pi} \approx 2.36$ GeV/$c^2$ with the width $\Gamma \approx 0.10$ GeV/$c^2$. A possible interpretation of these features is discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. A. v2: Added references [42,43] in section IV.A. v3: revised version according to referee remarks v4: revised version according to referee remark

The Potential of Russian Universities’ Small Innovative Enterprises in an Innovative Economy

С целью выявления потенциала малых инновационных предприятий (МИП) вузов России в развитии инновационной экономики и активизации инновационной деятельности регионов в данной исследовательской статье анализируется набор показателей по регионам и федеральным округам страны. Показатели были собраны по следующим направлениям: уровень инновационной активности регионов, место вузов в рейтинге, год появления МИП, принадлежность МИП вузу, федеральному округу, региону, вид деятельности, выручка, комплексный показатель надежности МИП, риски. Для определения степени территориальной дифференциации функционирования МИП авторами предложен показатель «количество МИП на 1 вуз, ед./вуз». Объектом исследования выступили 1950 МИП из 422 вузов страны. Исследование основано на данных рейтинга вузов, подготовленного при поддержке Российской академии народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации, Информационной системы по учету и мониторингу МИП научно-технической и образовательной сферы, Федеральной службы государственной статистики, портала проверки контрагентов Rusprofile.ru, а также материалах действующих стратегий социально-экономического развития регионов России. Результаты исследования свидетельствуют о том, что в настоящее время МИП не могут в полной мере проявить себя в качестве локомотивов развития наукоемкого, инновационного бизнеса, инструмента повышения конкурентоспособности образовательных учреждений и инновационной активности регионов и сформировать опорный каркас инновационной экономики. Возможными направлениями решения указанной проблемы является развитие эффективных механизмов сбора, обобщения и тиражирования лучших практик организации деятельности МИП в вузах, а также привлечения к инновационной деятельности профессорско-преподавательского состава. Результаты исследования представляют интерес для региональных органов исполнительной власти, руководителей университетов и менеджмента малых инновационных предприятий в вузах.The aim of this paper is to identify the potential of Russian universities’ small innovative enterprises (SIEs) in developing an innovative economy and in intensifying the innovative activity of the regions. The authors analyze a set of indicators for the regions and federal districts of the country by the level of a region’sinnovative activity; the universities’ place in the ranking; the year of SIE’s appearance; its belonging to the university, to the federal district, to the region; type of activity; revenue; the complex indicator of SIE’s reliability and its risks. To find out how territorially different the SIE’s functioning is, the authors proposed the indicator «the number of SIE per 1 university, unit/university». The object of the study were 1950 SIEs from 422 universities of the country. The study is based on the data of the university ranking prepared with the support of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, the Information System for Accounting and Monitoring of SIE in the Scientific, Technical and Educational Spheres, the Federal State Statistics Service, the Portal for Checking Counterparties (Rusprofile.ru), as well as on the current strategies for the social and economic development of Russian regions. The results of the study indicate that today SIEs cannot fully manifest themselves as locomotives to develop knowledge-intensive, innovative business, a tool for increasing a region’sinnovative activity and the competitiveness of educational institutions. Neither can they form the supporting framework of an innovative economy. A possible way to solve this problem is to develop effective mechanisms for collecting, summarizing and replicating the best practices for organizing SIE’s activities within the universities, as well as for involving professors in innovative activities. The results of the study might be of interest to regional executive authorities, to university leaders and to those who manage small innovative enterprises in higher education institutions.Статья подготовлена в рамках государственного задания Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук на 2022 год (№ 075-03-2022-001).The research was supported by the government fund to the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences for 2022, no. 075-03-2022-001

Coherent pion production in proton-deuteron collisions

Values of the proton analysing power in the $pd\to{}^{3}\textrm{He}\,\pi^0/^{3}\textrm{H}\,\pi^+$ reactions at 350-360~MeV per nucleon were obtained by using a polarised proton beam incident on a deuterium cluster-jet target and with a polarised deuteron beam incident on a target cell filled with polarised hydrogen. These results have a much larger angular coverage than existing data. First measurements are also presented of the deuteron vector analysing power and the deuteron-proton spin correlations. Data were also obtained on the deuteron-proton spin correlation and proton analysing power at small angles at 600~MeV per nucleon, though the angular coverage at this energy was much more restricted even when using a deuteron beam. By combining the extrapolated values of the spin correlations to the forward or backward directions with published measurements of the deuteron tensor analysing powers, the relative phases between the two non-vanishing amplitudes were evaluated.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure